Normal Measurements
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Normal measurements
Knowledge of 'Normal measurements and reference values in Radiology' is absolutely vital in diagnostic radiology practice. All radiology residents and practicing radiologists must be aware of the normal measurements during their daily reporting. Here, we have compiled a list of 'Normal measurements and reference values in Radiology' to assist radiologists all over the world :
Liver :
- Adults: 15.5 cm in craniocaudal axis
- Children: upto (8 + AGE/4) is normal
Spleen :
- Adults: 12 cm
- Children: upto (6 + AGE/3) is normal
Gall bladder :
- Wall thickness upto 3 mm is normal, Length >9 cm is considered distended
Common Bile duct :
- Upto 7 mm till 60 years
- Add 1 mm for every 10 years after the age of 60
- Children: upto 4 mm
- Post-cholecystectomy: upto 10 mm is normal
Portal vein :
- 1.2cm in diameter
Pancreas :
- Head: 23 ± 3 mm
- Body: 20 ± 3 mm
- Tail: 15 ± 2.5 mm
- Neck: 19 ± 2.5 mm
- Pancreatic duct: upto 3mm
Bowel :
- Wall: upto 3 mm in thickness
- Air fluid levels: <3 is normal
- Large bowel: diameter upto 5 cm
- Small bowel: diameter upto 3 cm
- Appendix: diameter upto 6 mm
Kidneys :
- Length: 9-13.5 cm
- Width: 4-6 cm
- Left kidney is slightly larger than the Right kidney
Renal artery doppler :
- Resistive index: 0.60 – 0.70
- Acceleration index: >300cm/sec2
- Acceleration time (Main renal artery): upto 70 msec
- PSV (Main renal artery): 60 - 100 cm/sec
- RAR (Renal aortic ratio): >3.5 is abnormal
Adrenal gland :
- Thickness: <10mm
- Length: 4-6cm
Mesenteric lymph node :
- <10mm in short axis diameter
Urinary bladder :
- Wall thickness: upto 3mm
Prostate :
- upto 30cc/30gm
Ovarian volume :
- Pre-menopausal: 20cc
- Post-menopausal: 10cc
Uterus :
- Length: 7.5-8.0 cm
- Cervix: diameter upto 3cm
- Endometrial thickness: (Pre-menopausal: upto 15mm) and (Post-menopausal: upto 5mm)
Thyroid :
- AP diameter: 20mm
- Isthmus: 6mm
Carotid doppler :
- ICA PSV: <125 cm/sec
- ICA EDV: <40 cm/sec
- ICA/CCA PSV ratio: <2.0
Skull basal angle :
- 125° - 143° (>143° = Platybasia)
Carpal angle :
- 130°
Bohler angle :
- 20°- 40°
Critical angle of Gissane :
- 120° - 145°
Scapholunate interval :
- upto 3mm
Scapholunate angle :
- 30° - 60°
Trachea :
- Length: 10-12 cm
- Diameter: [Coronal: 13-25 mm (male), 10-21 mm (female)] and [Sagittal: 13-27 mm (male), 10-23mm (female)]
Mediastinal lymph node :
- <10mm (short-axis diameter)
Cardiothoracic ratio :
- 0.5
Carinal Angle :
- 35° - 90°
Main pulmonary artery :
- 29 mm (should be less than aortic diameter at same level)
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References
- CT and MRI of the Whole Body (Haaga et al)
- Thoracic imaging: Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Radiology (Webb et al)
- Diagnostic Ultrasound (Rumack et al)
- Measurements in Radiology Made Easy (Wadhwa)
- Diagnostic Imaging for the Emergency Physician (Joshua Broder)
- Skeletal Trauma E-Book (Browner et al)
- Primer of Diagnostic Imaging (Harisinghani et al)
- Radiographics
- Measurement of normal kidney length by sonography and its relation to age, sex, and body habitus (Kalpana Purohit et al) International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Int J Anat Res 2017, Vol 5(4.3):4668-73. ISSN 2321-4287
- Emamian SA, Nielsen MB, Pedersen JF, Ytte L. Kidney dimensions at sonography: correlation with age, sex, and habitus in 665 adult volunteers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993 Jan;160(1):83-6. doi: 10.2214/ajr.160.1.8416654. PMID: 8416654.
- Anna-Maria Nahm, Eberhard Ritz, Errors in ultrasonographic measurements of the kidney, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 15, Issue 4, April 2000, Pages 549–550,
[Disclaimer: These measurements are for reference purposes only. Normal values differ with age, sex, height and weight of the individual. Readers are therefore advised to follow the reference values used in their institution. Radiology Vibes bears no responsibility towards diagnostic use of these reference values]
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